In a centrifugal pump, how is internal circulation prevented?

In a centrifugal pump, internal circulation is primarily prevented by using impellers. The impeller is a rotating component that is crucial for converting mechanical energy into fluid energy. Its design creates a centrifugal force that moves the liquid outward from the center of the impeller. This movement not only helps to draw liquid into the pump from the inlet but also directs it towards the discharge with high velocity.

The specific shape and arrangement of the impeller blades are engineered to ensure that the fluid flow is streamlined and directed outward, minimizing any potential for backflow or internal recirculation. Therefore, the effectiveness of the impeller's design plays a significant role in maintaining the pump's operational efficiency and ensuring that the flow is primarily towards the discharge instead of circulating within the pump.

Other components, such as valves, filters, and diffusers, play different roles in the overall operation of a centrifugal pump. Valves are used for controlling flow rates or preventing backflow, filters help remove particulates from the fluid, and diffusers assist in converting high-velocity fluid from the impeller into increased pressure. While these elements are important in maintaining optimal pump operation, they do not directly prevent internal circulation in the way that the impeller design does.